Color laser engraving is a technique to add different colors to the engraved surface. It works on different methods and principles, depending on the material. But there are two basic principles. Either the color engraving is achieved naturally with the help of oxidation, or you need a coloring agent to get the desired color.
2 typical materials for color laser engraving are metal (stainless steel and titanium) and plastic. By adjusting the laser’s frequency, power, and speed, metals can be colored in diverse ways.
Mostly, fiber laser engraver are used for engraving metals because they are specially made for metal marking. But you can also use a powerful diode laser for color engraving.
Keep in mind not all diode lasers are powerful enough to engrave or mark a metal; there are only a few available.
Also, it is recommended to use a blue laser head for color engraving. The effect of color carving and power is interlinked, and I suggest you use a laser head with a high power to engrave, such as one with a 20w laser module. If the power is too low, there will be no color.
The change of colors is determined by many variables, including air humidity, temperature, the attenuation level of the laser head, and the laser head's focal length.
There are mainly two methods of metal engraving. Although there are several more methods, we will stick to these two as they are mostly used, and they do not have limitations.
In the first method, the surface of the metal is turned into a molten form using a very powerful laser. During the melting process, oxidation also occurs. The surface of the metal oxidizes due to the high temperature and reaction with oxygen.
The melted material solidifies again, but due to oxidation, a special-colored layer is created on the metal, which looks like colored engraving. Therefore, you see vivid colors on the engraved surface rather than the normal engraving color.
The second method is known as the Grating method. In this method, the color does not appear naturally; instead, a colored oxide layer is added to the surface.
When the laser beams fall on the metal, it starts to melt, and the applied oxide layer also gets dissolved. As a result, it gives exciting colors. This method is quite useful for those metals that do not naturally offer color after using a laser engraving machine.
Now, let’s talk about plastic. Unfortunately, there is no way to get color engraving naturally from plastics. But still, you can do the color engraving in two ways.
Firstly, you can use colored plastic for engraving. It will offer a different contrast than usual.
Secondly, an artificial colored agent can be applied to plastic. It gets combined with molten plastic after the reaction of laser beams. After that, you see the desired colors. The best part about this is that you can select the desired color agent to get the desired color, which means the result is phenomenal and of your choice.
To give you an example, I did a project, and it turned out great. Let’s take a look at it!
Material: TA1 titanium alloy
Applicable Machine: D1/ D1 Pro/ M1
Working Machine: D1 Pro 20W
Recommended parameters:
Power: 50%, Speed: 100mm/s, Pass: 1
You only need to put the metal under the laser machine and start engraving like you normally do. with this settings, the color will appear on the engraved part automatically.
Here's the outcome: