Parameter | Definition | Range | Test Steps | Rule | Effects | |
Wire Diameter (mm) | Diameter of the filler wire for laser filling welding | 0.8-1.6 mm | 0.8-1.0-1.2-1.6 | If the weld seam is constant, a larger wire diameter results in poor cladding, excessive buildup, and un-melted wire. A smaller diameter may lead to insufficient filling. | ||
Laser Power (%) | Controls the size of laser energy during welding; adjust based on target | 10-100% | 25-50-75-100 | Higher power increases weld penetration depth, darkens the weld color, and enlarges the heat-affected zone. | ||
Off Light Delay (ms) | Time from the welding gun switch off to complete laser shutdown | 0-10000 ms | 100-300-500-1000 | Longer off light delay results in larger craters at the end of welding and increases wire breakage risk. | ||
Ramp-Up Duration (ms) | Time for laser power to reach the set value after the gun is activated | 200-10000 ms | 1000-3000-5000-10000 | Longer ramp-up duration increases un-melted wire at the start of the weld. | ||
Ramp-Down Duration (ms) | Time for laser power to decrease to zero after the gun is turned off | 200-10000 ms | 1000-3000-5000-10000 | Longer ramp-down duration results in larger craters at the end of welding, leading to poor finish at the weld's end. | ||
Scanning Amplitude (mm) | Range of lateral movement of the laser at the focal point | 0-5 (10) mm | 2-3-4-5 | With a fixed wire diameter, larger scanning amplitude results in inadequate melting of the wire. | ||
Scanning Frequency (Hz) | Number of back-and-forth movements of the laser per second | 1-100 (150) Hz | 10-15-25-50 | Smaller frequency results in jagged weld edges; larger frequency increases spatter during welding. | ||
Gas Blow Delay (ms) | Time from activation of protective gas pressure to laser emission | 0-10000 ms | 0-1000-3000-5000 | Pre-blowing gas effectively avoids spatter at the start of welding, extending the lifespan of the protective lens, but excessive time wastes gas and increases costs. | ||
Gas Cut Delay (ms) | Time from gun switch off to reduction in protective gas pressure | 0-10000 ms | 0-1000-3000-5000 | Longer gas cut delay improves protection at the end of welding, but excessive time wastes gas and raises costs. | ||
Wire Feed Speed (mm/s) | Controls the speed of wire feeding during welding | 2-100 mm/s | 5-10-15-20 | Slower feed speed increases penetration depth and heat-affected zone; faster feed speed decreases both. | ||
Wire Feed Delay (ms) | Delay time before wire feeding starts after triggering the gun | 0-2000 mm/s | 100-300-500-1000 | Longer delay increases the heat-affected zone at the weld start and creates larger craters. | ||
Retract Length (mm) | Length of excess wire retracted after welding to facilitate automatic cutoff | 0-50 mm | 5-15-25-35 | Must coordinate with compensation length; excessive retraction can cause jams, while insufficient retraction fails to achieve automatic cutoff. | ||
Compensation Delay (ms) | Delay between retracted wire and compensation feed during wire break | 0-2000 ms | 100-300-500-1000 | Excessive delay affects welding efficiency and operation. | ||
Compensation Length (mm) | Length of wire fed after retraction during a break to maintain joint consistency | 0-50 mm | 5-15-25-35 | Must coordinate with retract length; excessive length may leave un-melted wire at the start of the weld, while insufficient length affects operation. | ||
Laser Frequency (Hz) | Repetition frequency of laser waves per unit time | 0-5000 Hz | 5-100-1000-3000 | Smaller frequency results in jagged weld edges; larger frequency increases spatter during welding. | ||
Duty Cycle (%) | Ratio of actual working time to total time within a cycle | 0-100% | 25-50-75-100 | Smaller duty cycle results in lower laser energy; larger cycle increases energy. | ||
Spot Duration (ms) | Duration of single spot emission | 0-10000 ms | 300-500-1000-3000-5000 | Longer duration increases energy applied to the object. | ||
Spot Interval (ms) | Time interval between two spot emissions | 0-10000 ms | 100-300-500-1000 | Longer intervals reduce welding efficiency and operation. | ||
Number of Spots | Number of emitted spots during a sequence | 1-1000 | 5-15-25-35 | More spots increase the energy applied to the object. | ||
Defocus Amount (mm) | Distance from the laser focus to the surface of the workpiece | -5 to +5 mm | -5-0-+5 | Closer to the focus increases energy and penetration depth. | ||
Gas Flow Rate (L/min) | Flow rate of protective gas, indicating its blowing force | 15-50 L/min | 15-25-35-50 | Smaller flow rates result in poor protection, causing blue or black weld seams. |
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