Parameter

Definition

Range

Test Steps

Rule

Effects

Wire Diameter (mm)

Diameter of the filler wire for laser filling welding

0.8-1.6 mm

0.8-1.0-1.2-1.6

If the weld seam is constant, a larger wire diameter results in poor cladding, excessive buildup, and un-melted wire. A smaller diameter may lead to insufficient filling.

Laser Power (%)

Controls the size of laser energy during welding; adjust based on target

10-100%

25-50-75-100

Higher power increases weld penetration depth, darkens the weld color, and enlarges the heat-affected zone.

Off Light Delay (ms)

Time from the welding gun switch off to complete laser shutdown

0-10000 ms

100-300-500-1000

Longer off light delay results in larger craters at the end of welding and increases wire breakage risk.

Ramp-Up Duration (ms)

Time for laser power to reach the set value after the gun is activated

200-10000 ms

1000-3000-5000-10000

Longer ramp-up duration increases un-melted wire at the start of the weld.

Ramp-Down Duration (ms)

Time for laser power to decrease to zero after the gun is turned off

200-10000 ms

1000-3000-5000-10000

Longer ramp-down duration results in larger craters at the end of welding, leading to poor finish at the weld's end.

Scanning Amplitude (mm)

Range of lateral movement of the laser at the focal point

0-5 (10) mm

2-3-4-5

With a fixed wire diameter, larger scanning amplitude results in inadequate melting of the wire.

Scanning Frequency (Hz)

Number of back-and-forth movements of the laser per second

1-100 (150) Hz

10-15-25-50

Smaller frequency results in jagged weld edges; larger frequency increases spatter during welding.

Gas Blow Delay (ms)

Time from activation of protective gas pressure to laser emission

0-10000 ms

0-1000-3000-5000

Pre-blowing gas effectively avoids spatter at the start of welding, extending the lifespan of the protective lens, but excessive time wastes gas and increases costs.

Gas Cut Delay (ms)

Time from gun switch off to reduction in protective gas pressure

0-10000 ms

0-1000-3000-5000

Longer gas cut delay improves protection at the end of welding, but excessive time wastes gas and raises costs.

Wire Feed Speed (mm/s)

Controls the speed of wire feeding during welding

2-100 mm/s

5-10-15-20

Slower feed speed increases penetration depth and heat-affected zone; faster feed speed decreases both.

Wire Feed Delay (ms)

Delay time before wire feeding starts after triggering the gun

0-2000 mm/s

100-300-500-1000

Longer delay increases the heat-affected zone at the weld start and creates larger craters.

Retract Length (mm)

Length of excess wire retracted after welding to facilitate automatic cutoff

0-50 mm

5-15-25-35

Must coordinate with compensation length; excessive retraction can cause jams, while insufficient retraction fails to achieve automatic cutoff.

Compensation Delay (ms)

Delay between retracted wire and compensation feed during wire break

0-2000 ms

100-300-500-1000

Excessive delay affects welding efficiency and operation.

Compensation Length (mm)

Length of wire fed after retraction during a break to maintain joint consistency

0-50 mm

5-15-25-35

Must coordinate with retract length; excessive length may leave un-melted wire at the start of the weld, while insufficient length affects operation.

Laser Frequency (Hz)

Repetition frequency of laser waves per unit time

0-5000 Hz

5-100-1000-3000

Smaller frequency results in jagged weld edges; larger frequency increases spatter during welding.

Duty Cycle (%)

Ratio of actual working time to total time within a cycle

0-100%

25-50-75-100

Smaller duty cycle results in lower laser energy; larger cycle increases energy.

Spot Duration (ms)

Duration of single spot emission

0-10000 ms

300-500-1000-3000-5000

Longer duration increases energy applied to the object.

Spot Interval (ms)

Time interval between two spot emissions

0-10000 ms

100-300-500-1000

Longer intervals reduce welding efficiency and operation.

Number of Spots

Number of emitted spots during a sequence

1-1000

5-15-25-35

More spots increase the energy applied to the object.

Defocus Amount (mm)

Distance from the laser focus to the surface of the workpiece

-5 to +5 mm

-5-0-+5

Closer to the focus increases energy and penetration depth.

Gas Flow Rate (L/min)

Flow rate of protective gas, indicating its blowing force

15-50 L/min

15-25-35-50

Smaller flow rates result in poor protection, causing blue or black weld seams.